Prehistory and antiquity

Prehistory and antiquity



A raft is among the simplest boat designs.





The history of boats parallels the human adventure. The first known boats date back to the Neolithic Period,
about 10,000 years ago. These early vessels had limited function: they
could move on water, but that was it. They were used mainly for hunting and fishing. The oldest dugout canoes found by archaeologists were often cut from coniferous tree logs, using simple stone tools.
By around 3000 BC, Ancient Egyptians already knew how to assemble wooden planks into a hull.^[7] They used woven straps to lash the planks together,^[7] and reeds or grass stuffed between the planks helped to seal the seams.^[7][8] The Greek historian and geographer Agatharchides had documented ship-faring among the early Egyptians: "During the prosperous period of the Old Kingdom, between the 30th and 25th centuries B. C., the river-routes were kept in order, and Egyptian ships sailed the Red Sea as far as the myrrh-country."^[9] Sneferu's ancient cedar wood ship Praise of the Two Lands is the first reference recorded (2613 BCE) to a ship being referred to by name.^[10]
By about 2000 BC, Minoan civilization in Crete had evolved into a naval power exercising effective control of the sea in the eastern Mediterranean.^[11] It is known that ancient Nubia/Axum traded with India,
and there is evidence that ships from Northeast Africa may have sailed
back and forth between India/Sri Lanka and Nubia trading goods and even
to Persia, Himyar and Rome.^[12] Aksum was known by the Greeks for having seaports for ships from Greece and Yemen.^[13] Elsewhere in Northeast Africa, the Periplus of the Red Sea reports that Somalis, through their northern ports such as Zeila and Berbera, were trading frankincense and other items with the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula well before the arrival of Islam as well as with then Roman-controlled Egypt.^[14]


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